Culture of Bhutan

Bhutanese language and literature, the arts and crafts, ceremonies and events, and basic social and cultural values draw their essence from religious teachings. The tradition of fine art is alive today, manifested, for example, in exquisite traditional painting visible on monasteries and houses, skillfully enhancing the architecture.

Architecture is also a significant feature of the Bhutanese identity. The combination of engineering skill and aesthetic beauty is unparalleled in all structures, from the massive monastic fortresses to houses and bridges. Traditional shapes, colours and patterns on the walls, doors, windows, put Bhutanese architecture in a class of its own.

Music, dance, and handicrafts, both by the clergy and the lay population, play an important role in the national, village, or domestic functions and festivals. Bhutan’s textile tradition has, in recent years, gone international. The distinct technique, colour and style of indigenous Bhutanese weaving is being increasingly appreciated by textile specialists, collectors, and users.

The national language of Bhutan is Dzongkha. The people also speak more than 18 dialects across the country. Today, English is taught in schools and is used as the official working language, but the national leader’s emphasise the development and use of Dzongkha.

Although Buddhism and the monarchy are critical elements, it is the general extensive perpetuation of tradition that is possibly the most striking aspect of Bhutan’s culture. This is most overtly reflected in the nature of dress and architecture. All Bhutanese continue to wear the traditional dress: for men and boys the Gho, a long gown hitched up to the knee so that its lower half resembles a skirt, for women and girls the Kira, an ankle–length robe somewhat resembling a kimono. Generally colourful apparel, the fabrics used range from simple cotton checks and stripes to the most intricate designs in woven silk.